Knee surgery, whether it’s a partial or total knee replacement, ACL reconstruction, meniscus repair, or ligament reconstruction, can significantly improve mobility and quality of life. However, success isn't solely dependent on the surgical procedure—it begins long before entering the operating room. Thorough preparation helps minimize complications, reduce anxiety, and enhance recovery outcomes.
This guide offers a detailed checklist to support patients in preparing for knee surgery, ensuring they are mentally, physically, and logistically ready.
1. Understand Your Diagnosis and Procedure
Educate Yourself:
Understanding the specifics of your condition and the type of surgery recommended (e.g., total knee replacement, arthroscopic surgery, ligament repair) is crucial. Ask your orthopedic specialist detailed questions about what will be done, why it’s necessary, and what outcomes to expect.
Key questions to ask:
- What are the goals of the surgery?
- What are the alternatives?
- What is the expected recovery time?
- What are the risks and potential complications?
Tip: Request brochures or reputable digital resources from your healthcare provider to further your understanding.
2. Medical Evaluation and Pre-Op Clearance
Schedule Preoperative Testing:
A comprehensive medical evaluation is required to ensure you’re fit for surgery. Tests may include:
- Bloodwork
- ECG (electrocardiogram)
- Chest X-ray
- Urinalysis
Consult with Other Specialists:
If you have chronic conditions like diabetes, heart disease, or hypertension, it’s important to consult with those specialists ahead of time. Optimization of these conditions can prevent surgical delays or postoperative complications.
3. Plan Your Medications
Review Current Medications:
Discuss all medications, including over-the-counter drugs, herbal supplements, and vitamins with your healthcare team. Some medications, such as blood thinners or NSAIDs, may need to be stopped before surgery.
Antibiotics and Pain Management:
You may be prescribed antibiotics preoperatively to reduce infection risks, as well as a pain management protocol for post-op care.
Tip: Keep a current medication list with dosages and timing for both you and your caregiver.
4. Optimize Your Physical Condition
Prehabilitation (Prehab):
Engage in physical therapy or exercise (as recommended) to strengthen the muscles around the knee. Stronger muscles can lead to a faster and smoother recovery.
Weight Management:
Maintaining a healthy weight reduces the load on your joints and minimizes surgical risks. If weight loss is needed, start early and focus on safe, gradual changes.
Smoking and Alcohol:
Stop smoking at least a few weeks before surgery, as smoking impairs circulation and healing. Limit alcohol intake to avoid complications with anesthesia and medications.
5. Plan for Recovery at Home
Home Safety Modifications:
- Clear walkways and remove loose rugs to prevent tripping.
- Install grab bars in the bathroom.
- Arrange for a sturdy chair with arms and a raised toilet seat if needed.
- Place frequently used items at waist height to avoid bending or reaching.
Meal Preparation:
Stock your kitchen with easy-to-prepare or frozen meals. Proper nutrition will aid healing and boost your immune system.
Arrange Transportation and Caregiving:
You won’t be able to drive or walk unaided initially. Arrange for someone to drive you home and stay with you for at least 24–72 hours post-surgery.
6. Pack for the Hospital Stay
Essentials to Bring:
- Personal identification and insurance documents
- Comfortable, loose-fitting clothes
- Toiletries and personal hygiene products
- Slip-resistant footwear
- Phone charger and entertainment (books, music, etc.)
Medical Supplies:
Check if any postoperative equipment will be provided or if you need to bring a walker, crutches, or cold therapy device.
7. Follow Pre-Surgical Instructions
Fasting and Hygiene:
You may be instructed not to eat or drink after midnight before surgery. Shower with antibacterial soap as directed to reduce infection risk.
Skin Care:
Do not shave the surgical area; it could cause microtears and increase infection risk. Let the surgical team handle any necessary shaving.
Clothing and Jewelry:
Avoid wearing makeup, lotions, nail polish, contact lenses, or jewelry on the day of the procedure.
8. Prepare Mentally and Emotionally
Set Realistic Expectations:
Recovery takes time. Pain, stiffness, and swelling are common but usually temporary. Discuss timelines with your care team and understand the healing milestones.
Mental Readiness:
It’s normal to feel anxious before surgery. Engage in relaxation techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, or speaking with a counselor if needed.
Support System:
Involve family or friends in your journey. Having a support system can significantly reduce stress and aid recovery.
9. Understand the Postoperative Plan
Rehabilitation Starts Early:
You’ll likely begin physical therapy within 24 hours of surgery. Adhering to rehab protocols is key to regaining mobility and strength.
Pain Management Strategy:
Discuss how pain will be managed—through medication, cold therapy, or other methods. Be honest with your healthcare team about your pain levels.
Follow-Up Appointments:
Ensure that all postoperative visits are scheduled in advance. These are critical for monitoring healing, removing sutures or staples, and progressing therapy.
10. Travel Considerations for Medical Tourists
If you are traveling abroad for knee surgery, add the following to your checklist:
- Medical Travel Insurance: Choose a plan that covers surgery-related complications, cancellations, and emergency evacuation.
- Accommodation Planning: Book a recovery-friendly hotel or rental with accessibility features.
- Medical Records: Carry all relevant medical documents, test results, and imaging in both digital and physical formats.
- Postoperative Stay Duration: Plan to remain in the destination country for at least 10–14 days post-surgery to attend initial follow-ups and manage early complications.
In conclusion, A successful knee surgery is not only about the skill of the surgeon but also about how well the patient is prepared. Taking time to organize every aspect—health, logistics, recovery planning, and mental readiness—can significantly influence recovery outcomes. Whether you are undergoing the procedure locally or traveling abroad for care, a well-prepared patient is always a step ahead on the road to healing.
If you are considering knee surgery or dealing with a sports-related injury, we highly recommend Professor Etienne Cavaignac. He is a distinguished orthopaedic surgeon specializing in knee surgery and sports traumatology, based in Toulouse, France. Professor Cavaignac practices at the Toulouse University Hospital, where he is known for delivering advanced, patient-focused care using the latest surgical techniques.
Renowned for his expertise in complex knee procedures and trusted by both professional athletes and active individuals, Professor Cavaignac offers world-class treatment in a leading medical environment.
Take the next step toward recovery with confidence. Visit his official website to learn more or request a consultation: www.professeur-cavaignac.com
